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Absence of Refugees

This sub-indicator estimates the number of people fleeing a country due to persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order, calculated by MIF per 100,000 population using the World Population Prospects by UNDESA. Refugees, as defined by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), include individuals recognised under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees; its 1967 Protocol; the 1969 Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa; the refugee definition contained in the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees as incorporated into national laws; those recognised in accordance with the UNHCR Statute; individuals granted complementary forms of protection; and those enjoying temporary protection. The refugee population also includes people in refugee-like situations.

View full country table

Top 10 countries

Score
(2021)
Change
('12-'21)

Bottom 10 countries

Score
(2021)
Change
('12-'21)

Most improved countries

Score
(2021)
Change
('12-'21)

Most deteriorated countries

Score
(2021)
Change
('12-'21)
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    • Public Perception of Overall Governance

    About Citizens’ Voices

    As citizens are the recipients of public leadership and governance, the assessment of governance performance of the IIAG is accompanied by the Citizens’ Voices dataset in an effort to contextualise the official and expert assessment data in the IIAG with the reality on the ground as perceived by citizens.

    MIF has been working with and supporting Afrobarometer, the leading pan-African research institution conducting public opinion surveys on the continent, and the 2022 IIAG framework gives these more prominence. Formerly scattered at various levels in the IIAG, citizens’ assessments of various governance components are now highlighted in a Citizens’ Voices section, providing a comprehensive 'reality check' to complement the IIAG results.

    This section mirrors the IIAG categories and provides public perception data on the closest proxies to the IIAG measures. However, whilst these measures are available to compare across the IIAG, it is important to note that their scores do not form part of the calculation for Overall Governance.

    About Quick Selection

    Use these links to quickly select multiple measures at once.